Testing Instruments and Equipment: Major testing equipment includes: optical projectors and field-of-view measurement systems (for precise quantification of field-of-view angles), reflectance meters (for measuring specular reflectance), 3D coordinate measuring machines (for analyzing mounting positions and dimensional tolerances), impact testers (for simulating collision conditions), environmental test chambers (for temperature and humidity cycling tests), vibration test stands (to simulate road surface excitation), image analysis systems (to evaluate the image quality of electronic field-of-view systems), standard light source chambers (to verify color reproduction), and specialized calibration fixtures (to ensure uniform testing standards). All equipment must be periodically traceable to national metrological standards. Standard Testing Methods and Procedures The testing process follows the principle of "Installation and Alignment—Functional Pre-inspection—Specialized Testing—Data Verification": First, the vehicle or sample is secured at the standard testing site, and the seat and field-of-view device are adjusted to the reference state in accordance with regulatory requirements; subsequently, the field-of-view is mapped using the target method and projection method to determine the boundaries of the visible area; next, the radius of curvature of the mirror surface is measured using optical instruments, and distortion values are calculated; during mechanical strength testing, a specified torque is applied to the mirror arm while monitoring the amount of deformation; environmental testing involves continuous operation of functional units under simulated extreme conditions; Finally, response speed and power consumption analyses are performed on the electric functions. Video recordings must be made throughout the process to document key steps. Relevant Technical Standards and Specifications Core standards include: the national standard "Performance and Installation Requirements for Indirect Vision Devices of Motor Vehicles" (GB 15084-2022), which is aligned with the international ECE R46 regulation and specifies field-of-view zoning, reflectance thresholds, and impact resistance criteria; The industry standard "Rearview Mirrors for Motor Vehicles" (QC/T 531-2020) specifies technical requirements for specific components; for electronic rearview mirror systems, additional reference must be made to the "Safety of Information Technology Equipment" series of standards (GB 4943.1) and the "Technical Specifications for In-Vehicle Video Driving Recorder Systems" (JT/T 1076). The revised version of the EU's ECE R46 has added certification provisions for camera-display systems, and China's 2023 revised standard has incorporated these requirements accordingly. Criteria for Evaluating Test Results The evaluation system is divided into three tiers: mandatory criteria, recommended criteria, and functional criteria. Mandatory criteria include: the horizontal field of view of the interior rearview mirror must be no less than 20°; the primary field of view of the driver-side exterior rearview mirror must cover a 4-meter-wide area at a distance of 10 meters; and the mirror surface reflectance must be between 40% and 80%. Following an impact test, the length of any fracture in the mirror arm must not exceed 25%. Recommended indicators include: a mirror distortion rate of no more than 7%, and a full-stroke adjustment time for the electric adjustment mechanism within the range of 4–9 seconds. Functional indicators focus on: an image delay of less than 50 milliseconds for the electronic field-of-view system, and the maintenance of visibility under illuminance levels ranging from 10 to 10,000 lx. Failure to meet any one mandatory indicator results in the entire device being deemed non-compliant, requiring technical rectification followed by re-inspection.

Indirect vision devices for motor vehicles refer to auxiliary equipment designed to help drivers observe areas around the vehicle (such as behind, to the sides, or in front) that cannot be seen directly. Their primary purpose is to expand the field of view, reduce blind spots, and enhance driving safety. According to the latest national standard GB 15084-2022, "Motor Vehicles—Indirect Vision Devices—Performance and Installation Requirements" (effective July 1, 2023), these devices primarily fall into the following two categories: Traditional optical mirrors: such as interior rearview mirrors, exterior rearview mirrors (including free-form and frameless types), wide-angle mirrors, and blind-spot mirrors; Camera-Monitor Systems (CMS): Also known as electronic rearview mirrors, these consist of a high-definition camera, a digital image processing system, and an LCD display, and can fully replace traditional optical rearview mirrors.
Key Features of Electronic Rearview Mirrors (CMS) Technical Components: High-definition camera (supporting wide-angle, WDR [wide dynamic range], IP68 waterproofing, etc.) Digital image processing unit LCD display (must meet strict requirements for brightness, contrast, color reproduction, etc.) Key Advantages: Eliminates blind spots: Provides a wider field of view, enhancing safety especially when changing lanes or reversing Strong adaptability to adverse weather conditions: Optimizes night vision performance in rain, fog, and snow through image algorithms Reduced Aerodynamic Drag: Streamlined design reduces air resistance, improving the range of new energy vehicles (e.g., the Avatar 12's drag coefficient is reduced by 0.009 Cd) Integrated ADAS Functions: Can be linked with intelligent driving features such as blind spot monitoring, door opening warning, and lane change assistance Performance Requirements (based on GB 15084-2022): Image latency ≤ 50 ms (some test conditions require ≤ 60 ms) 57 Display frame rate ≥ 30 fps; nighttime point light source recognition capability (e.g., oncoming headlights) must meet PLSDF ≥ 2.7 or PLSCF ≥ 0.12 6 Operating temperature range: -40°C to +85°C 7 Current Adoption Status: Passenger Cars: Penetration rate is less than 1%; mostly offered as an optional feature on high-end models (e.g., Avata 12, Lotus ELETRE, BYD Song L) Commercial Vehicles: Considered a critical safety feature in long-haul freight, public transit, and hazardous materials transport; dedicated testing standard JT/T 1503-2024 1 is already in place Market Forecast: China's production of electronic exterior rearview mirrors is expected to reach 1 million units by 2026, with global production reaching 5 million units by 2031
 
Regulatory and Certification Requirements Mandatory Certification: Effective January 1, 2027, indirect vision devices for motor vehicles must obtain CCC certification and display the corresponding mark before they can be sold or used. International Harmonization: GB 15084-2022 was developed in accordance with UN ECE R46 regulations, but omits administrative provisions to focus on technical performance. Test items include field of view, reflectance, curvature, impact resistance, environmental adaptability, and image delay; failure to meet any mandatory requirement results in a non-compliance determination.